In the context of professional practice, what would typically require a designer to charge a per diem rate?

Charging a per diem rate is typical when a designer is required to travel out of town for client-related work. This rate is meant to cover daily expenses incurred while away from the designer's usual place of business, including costs for lodging, meals, and incidentals. When a designer takes on projects that necessitate travel, a per diem helps ensure that these additional expenses are adequately managed and compensated.

This practice aligns with industry standards, as it allows for clear communication about costs associated with travel and helps both the designer and the client manage budgets effectively. Per diem rates can vary based on location, project requirements, and the client's needs, adding a layer of flexibility for both parties involved.

In contrast, the other situations, such as on-site consultations, the development of design concepts, and local meetings, typically do not warrant a per diem. These scenarios may involve different billing methods, such as hourly rates or project-based fees, as they generally do not incur the same level of additional costs that traveling out of town does.