In a context of billing clients, what does the term 'retainer' typically represent?

The term 'retainer' typically represents an upfront fee that a client pays to secure the designer's services for a specified period or project. This fee is often intended to ensure that the designer is available for the client and may cover initial consultations, project planning, or a set number of hours of work. By paying a retainer, clients commit to working with the designer, and the designer can allocate their time and resources accordingly.

Retainers are advantageous for both parties; the client receives priority service, and the designer gains assurance of forthcoming work and cash flow. This upfront arrangement is commonly used in various professional services, including interior design, where the project scope may evolve and require ongoing support.